macOS Window vs App Quitting

This is a MacOS thing - an app is not just windows, it is also a menu. The windows can all be closed and the menu is still there. Apps that don't behave like that feel like they are not proper Mac apps. As a seasoned Mac user, cmd+Q is your friend.

Typically in macos, closing windows doesn't quit applications and quitting applications doesn't close windows.

This is simply a fundamental difference between OS X and Windows. Typically in OS X an application remains open after closing its last window, whereas in Windows this is typically the signal to quit the application entirely. Try minimizing in Windows, that's the appropriate equivalent.

Agreed, generally closing the window shouldn't terminate the app on OS X. So far that's the only negative I can find, otherwise I love the app!

Perhaps the "Close windows when quitting an app" setting in System Preferences -> General may do it?

Isn't this because Mac keeps the app open even after all the windows are closed?

Closing a window on OSX does not close the process. A horrible design choice that other operating systems do not suffer from.

Do you no longer quit applications in [your operating system]? What's the alternative?

Closing a window has never closed a Mac application. Like, since the first Macs. Applications can have multiple windows so it makes sense from a UX perspective to not terminate an application when a window closes, even if it is the last window.This behavior can easily be overridden by application developers but they choose not to go against expected behavior.Power users press Command + Q to quit an application.I've literally never struggled with what you're describing.

...close the app then?It's just a different paradigm. It's not like quitting the app is in any way difficult (it's just cmd+Q which I actually find a bit too easy to trigger by accident sometimes), it's just Macs don't consider an app to be the sum of its windows.