Solar System Element Origins

A lot of carbon is made in stars and collects in dust clouds that condense into objects.Close to the sun volatile substances such as hydrocarbons and water got cooked off so the Earth is still a dry place rich in aluminum and silicon compared to objects outside the frost line (Jupiter) which tend to have water, carbon dioxide, and hydrocarbons as major components.

Why is the metallicity of the sun so low when they are so high for the planets?

The sun's core is overwhelmingly composed of helium and hydrogen, with about 1% oxygen and about %1 everything else. At least according to the standard model, I don't know how much "wiggle room" there is in our understandinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_coreAt the edge of the core is about 70% hydrogen 28% helium with the helium fraction increasing up to 6

Not fusing heavier elements from hydrogen? I’m out.

How did elements created by a merging neutron stars and dying low-mass stars get down to our planet?

Huh? Are humans made of heavy elements?

the earth has elements that were formed in previous generation of stars. I wonder if the sun is also not a first generation star.

The heavy elements (carbon, oxygen, iron, etc) we and our planet are made of were manufactured through fusion in the heart of stars. As as far as I understand it, even 15 million years after the big bang the universe was almost entirely made of hydrogen and traces of helium. Any heavier elements that did exist would still be locked up inside the first generation of stars that were making them. Perhaps the paper mentioned addressed that?Still, it's an interesting notion. At some point the

Not necessarily. We understand lots of the underlying orbital physics and know from stellar lifecycles how much of each element to expect. From there you can run the math on radius and density and only be left with so many possibilities of what the thing is made of. It’s not certainly water, just one of the likely possibilities. An interesting hypothesis that could actually be tested by atmospheric spectroscopy using Webb.

I'm not sure but this has some interesting info such as->Some whole galaxies have average metallicities only 1/10 of the Sun's. Some new stars in our galaxy have more metals in them than the original solar nebula that birthed the Sun and the planets did. So the amount of "metals" like oxygen and carbon can vary by a few orders of magnitude from star to star, depending upon it's age and history.<a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience